Oedipus is a Classic Case of Uncertain Vision - 678 Words

In Oedipus his backstory is important because it is the basis for his uncertain vision. Oedipus the King was the son of King Laius and Queen Jocasta, but because of a Prophecy that Laius would be killed by his son, he was ordered to be bound and left on the mountain to die by his parents a few days after his birth. Instead the shepherd who was given the duty gave the newborn to a shepherd from a nearby kingdom to rear as his own. That shepherd instead, gave him to Polybus, the King of Corinth who, unable to produce children of his own, raised Oedipus as his son. Years later Oedipus unknowingly killed Laius, and then solved the riddle of the Sphinx, becoming the King of Thebes and winning the hand of Jocasta (his birth mother) in marriage. Several years later, when told of his deeds, Jocasta hanged herself and Oedipus tore his eyes out. I would say that Oedipus is a classic case of â€Å"uncertain vision.† Although Oedipus is revered for his ability see situations clearly, blindness is a thread that runs throughout the story and it is this blindness of his position that does not allow him to make the connection. â€Å"And on the murderer this curse I lay (On him and all the partners in his guilt): wretch, may he pine in utter wretchedness! And for myself, if with my privity, He gain admittance to my hearth, I pray. The curse I laid on others fall on me. See that ye give effect to all my hest, For my sake and the gods and for our land, A desert blasted by the wrathShow MoreRelatedCleanth Brookss Essay Irony as a Principle of Structure9125 Words   |  37 Pagesenforced leisure. They, too, are based on already existing occasional pieces. Although they have now been partly revised, no systematic attempt has been made. to remove the traces of the particular circumstances in which they were written. In some cases a radical recasting of an essay would have meant destroying what I regard as its inner core of truth. Thus in the essay on The Changing Function of Historical Materialism we can still hear the echoes of those exaggeratedly sanguine hopes that manyRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesUnderstanding and Appreciating Individual Differences Important Areas of Self-Awareness 61 Emotional Intelligence 62 Values 65 Ethical Decision Making and Values 72 Cognitive Style 74 Attitudes Toward Change 76 Core Self-Evaluation 79 SKILL ANALYSIS 84 Cases Involving Self-Awareness 84 Communist Prison Camp 84 Computerized Exam 85 Decision Dilemmas 86 SKILL PRACTICE 89 Exercises for Improving Self-Awareness Through Self-Disclosure 89 Through the Looking Glass 89 Diagnosing Managerial Characteristics 9 0

The Godless Constitution Essay - 1008 Words

The Godless Constitution nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;When some people here the words â€Å"the godless constitution† uttered the shrill up their noses and get very defensive. Kramnick and Moore address this idea of the United States Constitution being godless. They speak about how America has misinterpreted views and how society would benefit from an understanding of what the Constitution stands for and how to correctly use it. They strive to help America understand that politics driven by religion and faith would do the most damage to the political agenda. They also emphasize that America created the Constitution was created to make a person’s religious standing irrelevant to hold office or voice a political opinion. They cover many†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Kramnick and Moore also speak of beliefs of specific men in the history of the country. Roger Williams’ views, thought ahead of his time, led to a better understanding of why church and state is more benefi cial separated. His beliefs that religious purity and good government are two separate issues and should not intertwine. One major point that proclaims why a Christian’s view of government and religion should be separate is the fact that society, government, and nations play no part in God’s redemption. Roger Williams explains that officials are elected to be virtuous not Godly. They can act in a way they feel God would desire but not claim God’s name in their decision to protect the beliefs of their public. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Another man used greatly in concluding the godless Constitution is Thomas Jefferson. During his early public years his reputation was one of as an anti-Christian. He received many negative opinions about his stands and opinions. Kramnick and More chose to use Jefferson as an example of one who was misunderstood. The public believed that he would further immorality. His draft to separate church and state brought forth many different reactions from the publics. The people who desired to have a known Godly ways in the constitution believed that this would only further corruption in the United States. Others took into consideration the beliefs Jefferson and other leaders proclaimed to beShow MoreRelatedThe Godless Constitution1007 Words   |  5 PagesThe Godless Constitution When some people here the words the godless constitution uttered the shrill up their noses and get very defensive. Kramnick and Moore address this idea of the United States Constitution being godless. They speak about how America has misinterpreted views and how society would benefit from an understanding of what the Constitution stands for and how to correctly use it. They strive to help America understand that politics driven by religion and faith would do the mostRead MoreIs America A Christian Nation?2305 Words   |  10 PagesThis paper is a book critique of The Godless Constitution. The first chapter of the book is titled â€Å"Is America a Christian Nation?† and it is an introduction for the rest of the book. In this chapter, the main idea is to open the reader’s mind about that the constitution was created with the idea that religious believes will not influence in the politics of the nation. The authors state that â€Å"The principal framers of the America n political system wanted no religious parties in national politics†Read MoreSeparation Between Church And State1427 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States of America has been label a secular state since the signing of their ‘godless constitution’ in 1787. However despite the founding fathers wishes for a â€Å"wall of separation between church and state† , religious pressure groups and bias conservative politicians still seem to obtain the ability to pass laws or government policies that have pro - religious undertones. Since the signing of the American Constitution on September 17th, 1787, the United States has declared themselves a secular stateRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Columbine1305 Words   |  6 Pages Parents of the kids who were killed in the shooting were upset and fuming at the same time. When parents of the passed were allowed to pay respects to their children, Brian Rohrbough was almost censored when he called Columbine School District â€Å"godless† and ended with a bible verse, Isaiah 48:22, saying â€Å"There is no peace for the wicked†. This book shows the plan, execution and aftermath of the Columbine School Shooting, and shows the lasting effects, both physical and emotional, an event such asRead MoreA Significant Strength Of The Constitution Essay1217 Words   |  5 PagesA significant strength of the Constitution is that if it is followed, its language clearly guides disputes and helps settle any debate over issues of religion and politics. The framers intended it to do so and made its language simple and clear. The question is why American citizens insist upon disregarding the Constitution’s language. A simple answer is that by doing so, vari ous groups who attempt to twist the Constitution are attempting to do exactly what the document intends to prevent—theRead MoreEssay on Atheism, the Hidden Prejudice1362 Words   |  6 Pagesexception. Many of the early Colonists came to America fleeing religious persecution (Sagan 432). The first amendment in our Constitution protects our freedoms of speech, press, and religion. It also states that no law should be made against religious establishments, practices, or beliefs. It is probably not a coincidence that this is the first amendment to the Constitution. The founding fathers new the importance of religious tolerance and the separation of church and state. They did not wantRead More Politics and Religion of Iran Essay1039 Words   |  5 Pagesthe main problems with the Iranian government is that there is a duality and question of power between the main religious leader and the political leader. The supreme religious leader, as opposed to the political leader, a ccording to the Iranian Constitution, is specifically charged with various duties as leading the television and radio network to appointing personnel to the hugely powerful Guardian Council, which can overrule the parliament at will and dismiss the elected officials assuming powerRead More Separation Of Church And State Essay1747 Words   |  7 Pages15) But, because of the Supreme Courts continuous citing of a â€Å" wall of separation† and â€Å"separation of church and state†, the publics idea of the 1st amendments religion clause has been shaped by phrases which do not appear anywhere in the Constitution. The First Congress, which passed this Amendment in 1789, intended to prohibit the establishment of a national religion. In fact, they didnt mind the establishment of â€Å"official† religions by states. At the start of the American Revolution,Read MoreReligious Freedom Essay3039 Words   |  13 Pagesthe free exercise thereof, thus building a wall of separation between church and state. In addition to these personal letters, the founding fathers left a clear picture of their views in the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. As Thomas Jefferson so eloquently put it, â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit ofRead MoreGods and Men in the Book of Genesis1275 Words   |  5 Pagesthrough translations and institutions, pragmatically being adapted to fit the societies needs at a time. If we look at the philosophy behind reason, for example Socratic and Platonic beliefs of reason for the betterment of society we can see how a â€Å"godless† world can still function on faith. The philosophies that popularized the notion of question and reason also advocated the goal of better society. The God was moved from a giant, to a man, to some men and eventually into the hands of all men: a republic

Elimination of Waste in a Lean Manufacturing Environment Free Essays

Many things can be done in a manufacturing enterprise in order to increase its performance. Special consideration should be given to the activities where the most benefit can be attained. The elimination of waste is the most important contributor to improvement in a lean manufacturing environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Elimination of Waste in a Lean Manufacturing Environment or any similar topic only for you Order Now The efforts for the elimination of waste begin on the manufacturing floor and include all areas of the enterprise all the way up to management. The whole organization plays a part in the continuous efforts to eliminate waste. It is the responsibility of management to provide the proper training and tools so that all personnel can properly participate in these activities. Once the personnel is actively searching for and eliminating waste, proper care must be taken in order to not introduce new sources of waste into the system. One important aspect to consider in the elimination of waste is that waste must not be transferred to vendors, customers or another area within the enterprise. Vendors cannot be expected to bear the burden of improper methods of waste elimination without undesirable consequences and likely introduction of new wastes. The transfer of waste to the customer is a dangerous and undesirable proposition since they are the reason the manufacturing enterprise exists in the first place. Working closely with the customer leads to a better understanding of their requirements and improved mutually beneficial processes or methods can be implemented. This allows the elimination of additional waste where the original demands of the customer may have forced areas within the manufacturing enterprise to contain waste. In order to truly remove waste it must be eliminated from the system entirely and not simply transferred within the system (Goldratt, 2004). Waste exists in all areas of an organization. This is an important reason why successful efforts to eliminate it can have such a huge impact on the organization’s performance. Tools such as 5S programs, Standard Operating Procedures, total productive maintenance, or visual management tools and techniques can be implemented to aid in such efforts (NWLEAN, Inc. , 2013). According to Lean principles there are eight major areas of waste. They are referred to as the Eight Deadly Wastes: 1. Overproduction – Making or doing more than is required or earlier than needed. This waste can tie up significant working capital that could be sed for other purposes. 2. Waiting – For information, materials, people, maintenance, etc. An organization must look to eliminate or minimize any wait-times by ensuring that items arrive only when they are truly needed. 3. Transport – Moving people or goods around or between sites. Although some is necessary, this is potentially a huge waste with poorly planned distances or number of moves. 4. Poor process design – Too many/few steps, non-standardization, inspection rather than prevention, etc. An organization should strive to eliminate any non-value adding activities within the process. 5. Inventory – Work-in-progress, papers, electronic files, etc. An understanding is needed of how long it takes to replenish each item in order to truly reflect the real customer demand and not mask waste such as excessive queue times, unbalanced workloads, unreliable suppliers, or misunderstood customer needs. 6. Motion – Inefficient layouts, unplanned downtime, poor ergonomics in offices, etc. If there is any type of unnecessary movement of people or machines then there is motion waste. 7. Defects – Errors, scrap, rework, non-conformance; poor quality controls, process documentation or machine capabilities, etc. Strive to eliminate all causes of defects through mistake proofing and statistical methods of process control. 8. Personnel resources and creativity – This is the waste of not using people’s mental, creative, and physical abilities. Everyone can be a successful contributor toward the organization’s goal and elimination of waste. Availability of appropriate resource levels at all times can be achieved through good communications, teamwork, proper training, and by avoiding over-skilled personnel to be used for mundane tasks (Juran Institute, Inc. 2013). In-line with Mr. Pareto’s famous rule, 80% of the benefits during the implementation of lean principles exist in the elimination of waste. Many tools exist in order to achieve and maintain meaningful results. It is with the proper implementation of these tools that successful elimination of waste can be achieved. Some tools will have more impact than others depending on the organization so careful planning an d implementation is needed in order to achieve real improvements with the best possible benefits. Works Cited Goldratt, E. M. (2004). The Goal: A Process of Ongoing Improvement. Great Barrington, MA: The North River Press Publishing Corp. Juran Institute, Inc. (2013). Retrieved Jul. 11, 2013, from Juran: http://www.juran.com/ NWLEAN, Inc. (2013). Retrieved Jul. 10, 2013, from The Northwest Lean Networks: http://nwlean.net/ How to cite Elimination of Waste in a Lean Manufacturing Environment, Papers

Business Organisation and Policy Carrefours Expansion to UK

Question: Describe the Micro and Macro environmental factors which Carrefour must take into consideration to reduce their risk of failure if they eventually decide to enter the UK market (700 words). Explain to the management of Carrefour how UK Government policies on mergers and acquisitions can affect their growth strategies in the UK. Explain how the management at Carrefour can use the Kurt Lewin Change Model of Unfreeze, Change and Refreeze to prepare their staff for the envisaged UK venture. Answer: Introduction The paper focuses on evaluating the feasibility of Carrefour, a multinational French grocery and food wholesaler in the foreign market of United Kingdom. The paper would effectively conduct an analysis of the macro and micro business environment of United Kingdom while also in evaluating the impacts of the merger and acquisition policy of United Kingdom on the business activities of Carrefour. Finally, the use of Kurt Lewins Change model is also taken to be incorporated for helping Carrefour strategise its internal environment for generating an effective presence in the UK grocery and food retail sector. Macro and Micro Environmental Factors Macro Business Environment Political Influence The United Kingdom government focuses on enhancing the buying potential of the consumers based on enhancing the flow of money in the hands of the residents. Increased flow of income in the hands of the general consumers helps them in meeting their purchasing intentions from the different grocery and retail outlets. The same thus helps in building and generating increased flow of consumer traffic to the different retail stores and grocery retail outlets (Retail Economics , 2015). The above discussion reflects a positive influence of the UK governments actions and decisions regarding increased flow of money in the hands of the UK citizens on the retail sector. Economic Influence Survey carried out on the parameter of retail productivity of the different retail and wholesale stores and companies operating in the United Kingdom market for the periods ranging from 2013 to 2014 reflects a sharp decline owing to the growth of the level of factor inputs compared to the level of outputs generated during the stated periods. Statistical reports reflect that an increase in the amount of labour inputs by around 2.3 percent during FY13 potentially reduced the level of productivity for the different retail stores for 3.1 percent. The growth in the level of factor inputs related to the wholesale sector in United Kingdom also accounted for a decline in the level of productivity of the wholesale companies for around 1.6 percent during 2014(Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs , 2016). Two graphical illustrations are rendered below for generating clarity to the above discussion. (Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs , 2016) (Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs , 2016) Social Influence Retail and wholesale consumerism in United Kingdom reflects an increased demand for both large scale and attractive store layouts. The retail and wholesale consumers further demand the generation of the right quality of customer service and also the effective and timely availability of potential quality and amount of grocery and retail merchandises. The management of the wholesale and retail firms operating in United Kingdom are thus observed for generating increased focus and investments for increasing the number and size of store layouts in the region. Increasing the number of stores while also enhancing the appearance and size of the store layouts is taken to potentially attract an enhanced flow of consumer traffic in the retail and wholesale stores. Similarly, the retail and wholesale managers are also focusing on generating increased investments for providing needed training to the sales and customer service staffs. The generation of effective training is taken to enhance the po tential of the staffs for providing quality customer services and thereby in driving needed customer satisfaction (Wood McCarthy, 2013). The below graph reflects the number of new grocery outlets opened in United Kingdom along the period ranging from 2002 to 2013. (Wood McCarthy, 2013) Technological Influence The incorporation of information technology based on the use of different gadgets, applications and software and also other types of technology driven processes is observed to potentially contribute in sophisticating the existing retail and wholesale environment in United Kingdom. Development and use of the multichannel framework is observed to significantly help the grocery and food retailers in United Kingdom in effectively penetrating a larger consumer base in the region. Moreover, the use of needed information technology applications like POS (Point-of-Sales) terminals, ERP (Enterprise Resource Programs) and RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) bar codes contributed in increasing the level of agility in the existing supply chain activities of the grocery and food retail stores thereby enabling them in meeting the objectives of customer satisfaction through provision of quality and quantity food offerings in a timely fashion (Bevis, 2014). Legal Influence Food regulatory bodies like the Organic Control Body (OCB) operating in United Kingdom aptly contribute in monitoring the trading of organic food products along both the retail and wholesale food outlets in the region. Approval for the trading and also labelling and certification of organic food is made based on investigations carried out by OCB based on the standards generated by the European Union (EU) (GOV.UK, 2013). The above aspect helps the food retail and wholesale firms for generating quality food products to the consumers. Environmental Influence Retail and wholesale food and grocery retail organisations operating in United Kingdom are required for generation of Carbon Footprints in that the same helps in regulating and monitoring the emission level of greenhouse gases like Carbon Dioxide and Carbon Monoxide from its supply chain, logistics and transportation based operations. Further, the grocery and food retail and wholesale organisations are also required to monitor the reduction of food wastage and use of recycled papers and packages in conducting the store operations (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2011). Micro Business Environment Buyer Influence The development of the multichannel retailing and marketing environment and also the enhanced use of information technology enabled for the United Kingdom based residents have helped the latter in gaining effective information regarding store offers, launch of new merchandise categories and also of diverse price ranges and product assortments. The above aspect increases the buyer power for taking quality decisions regarding purchases (OECD, 2013). Supplier Influence The grocery and food retail and wholesale firms operating in United Kingdom are required to monitor the activities and actions of their supplier firms in that the same helps in gaining food products that aptly meet the food regulations and standards of the European Union (Custance et al., 2012). Influence of Substitutes Food and grocery retail and wholesale firms based in United Kingdom face potential competition from local shops and retailers that tend to attract large number of consumers based on generation of food and grocery products at reduced prices and also tailor made to meet individual needs (The Guardian , 2014). Internal Rivalry The grocery and food retail sector based in United Kingdom is observed to have become largely competitive owing to the existence of larger retail firms like Tesco, Sainsbury and Morrisons. Further, the entry of discount retailers like Aldi and Lidl are observed to enhance the level of competitiveness in the market (The Guardian , 2014). Entry Barriers The existence of reduced entry barriers relating to the United Kingdom retail sector encourages foreign firms for generating an entry into the market based on developing effective partnerships with local and regional import firms. The same helps foreign food and grocery retail and wholesale firms for gaining potential entry in the region (Vasquez, 2016). Influence of UK Governments Merger and Acquisition Policy The United Kingdom governments policy on mergers and acquisition is observed to be a protectionist measure generated for protecting the plight of the local and regional small grocery and food retail firms from the expansion policy based on acquisition practices of bigger retail firms in that the major retailers majorly focus on acquiring small and unorganised retail outlets and companies for gaining large scale penetration in the region. The above protectionist measure of the UK Government is also expected for largely deterring the expansion programs of Carrefour in United Kingdom in that Carrefours expansion programs are largely dependent on acquisition activities. The Office of Fair Trade (OFT) relating to the United Kingdom government largely governs and monitors the merger and acquisition policy of the big retail firms in that the same helps in generating equal opportunity for the small and local retailers in attracting potential consumers and thereby in gaining needed potential for competing with the large scale grocery and food retail firms operating in the region (Seely, 2012). Further, the merger and acquisition policy of the United Kingdom government also focuses on governing the pricing decisions of the food and grocery retail firms such that food and grocery products are generated to the consumers at reduced prices. The UK Government herein encourages the growth of mergers in the region such that the individual grocery and retail firms lose their potential for charging increased prices from the consumers. The above initiative undertaken by the United Kingdom government potentially acts as an effective incentive for the United Kingdom consumers. From the viewpoint of the grocery and food retail and wholesale firms the above decision of the United Kingdom government is observed to affect their profit and revenue margins owing to the requirement of generating food and grocery products at affordable prices (Hosken et al., 2012). Use of Kurt Lewins Change Model Kurt Lewins Model of organisational change is essentially constituted by three different stages viz. Unfreezing, Changing and Freezing. In the Unfreezing stage, the business institutions focus on encouraging the introduction of changes in the existing business and organisational policies based on reflecting to the internal people the consequences, advantages and benefits that would incur owing to the generation of needed changes. The second stage, Changes reflect on the different types of structural, behavioural and organisational changes that are required to be introduced for helping the business organisation to meet the enhanced business and organisational objectives. Finally, the Freezing stage reflects on the generation of new policies and procedures such that the same helps in enforcing of new guidelines and regulations that would be needed for aptly meeting the institutional and business related objectives (Cummings Worley, 2014). Reflecting on the case of Carrefours expansion endeavour to United Kingdom, the Unfreezing stage is addressed based on reflecting on the potential advantages that can be gained by Carrefour based on its expansion to United Kingdom. The demand of the UK consumers regarding the gaining of quality food products at affordable prices and also their intentions of marketing based on the virtual environment is observed to generate increased opportunities for Carrefour in United Kingdom (Schroeder, 2012). Reflecting on the Change stage, the management of Carrefour is required to continually train its staffs to communicate based on formal British English. Further, the management and staffs of Carrefour is also required to understand the significance for undertaking of meetings in a frequent fashion and also for working for longer hours as required to be conducted by the United Kingdom based retail and wholesale firms. Carrefours management is also required to encourage the development of effective presentations both for introducing new policies and rules and also for communicating the same to staffs at different levels (Nanquette, 2013). Finally, the aspect of Refreezing is required to be met by Carrefours management based on generation of rules and policies encouraging people to work based on a team environment and setting. The management is required to potentially encourage the development of collaborative relationships in that the same helps in meeting business and organisational objectives in a shared fashion (Nanquette, 2013). Conclusions The analysis conducted reflects potential opportunities and challenges that would be incurred by Carrefour based on its expansion endeavours in the United Kingdom food and grocery retail market. Carrefour is analysed to gain advantages of potential opportunities regarding the existence of increased demand of British consumers for conducting purchases on the virtual platform and also for gaining of quality products at affordable prices. Similarly, the political and economic paradigm of the UK market is also analysed to be conducive for Carrefours international operations in the region. However, the existence of stringent regulatory structures regarding mergers and acquisitions is observed to affect the expansion drives of Carrefour in the UK food and grocery retail market. The use of the Kurt Lewin change model is also incorporated to reflect on the necessary changes that are required to be carried out by Carrefour for developing an effective presence in United Kingdom. References Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2011. The United Kingdom - A Sophisticated Retail Sector. [Online] Available at: https://www.agr.gc.ca/eng/industry-markets-and-trade/statistics-and-market-information/by-region/europe/market-intelligence/the-united-kingdom-a-sophisticated-retail-sector/?id=1410083148597 [Accessed 27 March 2016]. Bevis, M., 2014. The future of the grocery sector in the UK. [Online] Available at: https://www.retailthinktank.co.uk/whitepaper/the-future-of-the-grocery-sector-in-the-uk/ [Accessed 27 March 2016]. Cummings, T.G. Worley, C.G., 2014. Organization Development and Change. United States : Cengage Learning. Custance, P., Harness, D. Lindgreen, A., 2012. Market Orientation: Transforming Food and Agribusiness around the Customer. United Kingdom : Gower Publishing. Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs , 2016. Total Factor Productivity of the United Kingdom Food Chain 2014 - provisional estimate. [Online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/495683/foodchainanalysis-productivity-statsnotice-28jan16.pdf [Accessed 27 March 2016]. GOV.UK, 2013. Organic certification and standards. [Online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/guidance/organic-certification-and-standards [Accessed 27 March 2016]. Hosken, D., Olson, L.M. Smith, L.K., 2012. Do Retail Mergers Affect Competition? Evidence from Grocery Retailing. Washington DC: FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION. Nanquette, L., 2013. Orientalism Versus Occidentalism: Literary and Cultural Imaging Between France and Iran Since the Islamic Revolution. France : I.B.Tauris. OECD, 2013. Competition Issues in the Food Chain Industry. [Online] Available at: https://www.oecd.org/daf/competition/CompetitionIssuesintheFoodChainIndustry.pdf [Accessed 27 March 2016]. Retail Economics , 2015. Outlook for the retail sector in 2015. [Online] Available at: https://www.retaileconomics.co.uk/insights/outlook-for-the-retail-sector-in-2015.asp [Accessed 27 March 2016]. Schroeder, A., 2012. Entry strategy for Carrefour for entry into the UK market. United Kingdom : GRIN Verlag. Seely, A., 2012. Supermarkets : competition inquiries into the groceries market. United Kingdom: House of Commons. The Guardian , 2014. Brutal competition batters supermarkets the world over. [Online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/oct/05/supermarkets-discounters-europe-us-china-japan [Accessed 27 March 2016]. Vasquez, J., 2016. United Kingdom Retail Foods 2015. United Kingdom: GAIN Report. Wood, S. McCarthy, D., 2013. The UK Food Retail Race for Space and Market Saturation: A Contemporary Review. [Online] Available at: https://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/797766/1/The%20UK%20Food%20Retail%20Race%20for%20Space.pdf [Accessed 27 March 2016].